Classification of incommensurables: Book 10 Proposition 106
Translations
Ἡ τῇ μετὰ ῥητοῦ μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιούσῃ σύμμετρος μετὰ ῥητοῦ μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιοῦσά ἐστιν. Ἔστω μετὰ ῥητοῦ μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιοῦσα ἡ ΑΒ καὶ τῇ ΑΒ σύμμετρος ἡ ΓΔ: λέγω, ὅτι καὶ ἡ ΓΔ μετὰ ῥητοῦ μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιοῦσά ἐστιν. Ἔστω γὰρ τῇ ΑΒ προσαρμόζουσα ἡ ΒΕ: αἱ ΑΕ, ΕΒ ἄρα δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι ποιοῦσαι τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ τετραγώνων μέσον, τὸ δ' ὑπ' αὐτῶν ῥητόν. καὶ τὰ αὐτὰ κατεσκευάσθω. ὁμοίως δὴ δείξομεν τοῖς πρότερον, ὅτι αἱ ΓΖ, ΖΔ ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ λόγῳ εἰσὶ ταῖς ΑΕ, ΕΒ, καὶ σύμμετρόν ἐστι τὸ συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ τετραγώνων τῷ συγκειμένῳ ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ τετραγώνων, τὸ δὲ ὑπὸ τῶν ΑΕ, ΕΒ τῷ ὑπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ: ὥστε καὶ αἱ ΓΖ, ΖΔ δυνάμει εἰσὶν ἀσύμμετροι ποιοῦσαι τὸ μὲν συγκείμενον ἐκ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ΓΖ, ΖΔ τετραγώνων μέσον, τὸ δ' ὑπ' αὐτῶν ῥητόν. Ἡ ΓΔ ἄρα μετὰ ῥητοῦ μέσον τὸ ὅλον ποιοῦσά ἐστιν: ὅπερ ἔδει δεῖξαι.
A straight line commensurable with that which produces with a rational area a medial whole is a straight line which produces with a rational area a medial whole. Let AB be a straight line which produces with a rational area a medial whole, and CD commensurable with AB; I say that CD is also a straight line which produces with a rational area a medial whole. For let BE be the annex to AB; therefore AE, EB are straight lines incommensurable in square which make the sum of the squares on AE, EB medial, but the rectangle contained by them rational. [X. 77] Let the same construction be made. Then we can prove, in manner similar to the foregoing, that CF, FD are in the same ratio as AE, EB, the sum of the squares on AE, EB is commensurable with the sum of the squares on CF, FD, and the rectangle AE, EB with the rectangle CF, FD; so that CF, FD are also straight lines incommensurable in square which make the sum of the squares on CF, FD medial, but the rectangle contained by them rational.